Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)
A coenzyme central to energy metabolism and cellular repair: NAD+ carries the electrons that turn food into ATP and is the substrate for sirtuins and PARPs — enzymes governing DNA repair, inflammation, and aging. It is made from tryptophan and niacin (vitamin B3). NAD+ levels fall with age, and precursors such as nicotinamide riboside (NR) and NMN are taken to restore them.
Benefits
Central coenzyme for energy metabolism and DNA repair; precursors (NR, NMN) raise NAD+ and are studied for aging and metabolic health.
Risks
Human long-term data are still emerging; short-term use is generally well tolerated with occasional GI upset or flushing. Theoretical concerns about fueling existing cancers remain unresolved.
Informational only — not medical advice.
Body systems
Organs
Amino acids
Where to buy
Popular Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) products on Amazon. Not medical advice — talk to a clinician before starting a supplement.
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Books (2)
Research (27)
- Targeting lactylation reinforces NK cell cytotoxicity within the tumor microenvironment Wang et al. (2025) PubMed ↗
- Exploring NNMT: from metabolic pathways to therapeutic targets Park et al. (2024) PubMed ↗
- Regulation of and challenges in targeting NAD(+) metabolism Baur et al. (2024) PubMed ↗
- Long-term NMN treatment increases lifespan and healthspan in mice in a sex dependent manner David (2024) Full text ↗ PubMed ↗
- Human trials exploring anti-aging medicines David (2024) Full text ↗ PubMed ↗
- NAD metabolism: Role in senescence regulation and aging Chini et al. (2024) PubMed ↗
- The Safety and Antiaging Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide in Human Clinical Trials: an Update Song et al. (2023) PubMed ↗
- Molecular mechanisms of ischemia and glutamate excitotoxicity Neves et al. (2023) Full text ↗ PubMed ↗
- What is really known about the effects of nicotinamide riboside supplementation in humans Damgaard et al. (2023) PubMed ↗
- The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial Yi et al. (2023) PubMed ↗
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Therapeutic Perspectives in Cardiovascular Diseases Liu et al. (2022) PubMed ↗
- Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) as an anti-aging health product - Promises and safety concerns Li et al. (2022) PubMed ↗
- Molecular mechanisms of dietary restriction promoting health and longevity Green et al. (2022) PubMed ↗
- NAD(+) supplementation reduces neuroinflammation and cell senescence in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease via cGAS-STING Wang et al. (2021) PubMed ↗
- Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women Yoshino et al. (2021) PubMed ↗
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